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本部分主要介紹太陽能發電系統的應用案例、組成發電系統的主要部件、風力發電系統以及太陽能相關產品。
一套基本的(de)太陽能(neng)發(fa)電系統是由太陽電池(chi)(chi)板、充(chong)電控制(zhi)器(qi)、逆(ni)變器(qi)和蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)構成(cheng)，下面對各部分的(de)功能(neng)做一個簡單的(de)介紹：
1.太陽電(dian)池板
太(tai)陽(yang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)的作用(yong)(yong)是將(jiang)太(tai)陽(yang)輻射能(neng)直(zhi)接(jie)轉換(huan)成直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)，供負載使用(yong)(yong)或存(cun)貯于蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內備用(yong)(yong)。一般根據用(yong)(yong)戶需要，將(jiang)若干(gan)太(tai)陽(yang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)按一定方式連(lian)接(jie)，組(zu)成太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)方陣，再配上適當的支架及接(jie)線(xian)盒組(zu)成。
2.充(chong)電(dian)控(kong)制器
充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制器(qi)主要由專用處(chu)理器(qi)CPU、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器(qi)件、顯示器(qi)、開關功率管等組成。在太陽發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制器(qi)的(de)(de)基(ji)本作用是為(wei)(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提(ti)供最佳的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，快(kuai)速(su)、平穩、高效(xiao)的(de)(de)為(wei)(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中減少損耗、盡量延長(chang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命；同(tong)時保護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，避免過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象的(de)(de)發生。同(tong)時記錄并顯示系(xi)統(tong)各(ge)種重要數據，如充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等。
3.逆變器(qi)
逆變器的作(zuo)用就是將(jiang)太(tai)陽(yang)能電池方陣和蓄(xu)電池提供(gong)的低壓直流(liu)(liu)電逆變成220伏交流(liu)(liu)電，供(gong)給交流(liu)(liu)負載使用。
4.蓄(xu)電池(chi)組
蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)是(shi)(shi)將太陽(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)陣(zhen)發出直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)貯能(neng)(neng)起來, 供負(fu)載(zai)使用。在(zai)光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中(zhong), 蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處于(yu)浮充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。白天太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)陣(zhen)給(gei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),同時方(fang)(fang)(fang)陣(zhen)還給(gei)負(fu)載(zai)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),晚上負(fu)載(zai)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全部由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)供給(gei)。因此, 要(yao)求蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)小(xiao), 而且(qie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率要(yao)高, 同時還要(yao)考慮(lv)價格和使用是(shi)(shi)否(fou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)便等(deng)因素。
隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)地球(qiu)資源的日益(yi)貧乏，基礎能(neng)(neng)源的投(tou)資成本日益(yi)攀(pan)高，各種安全(quan)(quan)和污染隱(yin)患可謂是無處不在(zai)。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)作為一種“取之不盡，用(yong)之不竭”的安全(quan)(quan)、環保新能(neng)(neng)源越來越受(shou)到(dao)重(zhong)視(shi)。這樣(yang)，太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)照明產品隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)熱水器普及之后(hou)應然而生，在(zai)這里我們(men)就太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)燈具和使(shi)用(yong)市(shi)電(dian)燈具的效果作實用(yong)對比。
對比一 市電照(zhao)明燈具安(an)裝(zhuang)復(fu)雜(za)：在市電照(zhao)明燈具工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中有(you)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)作業程(cheng)序，首先(xian)要鋪設電纜，這里就要進行(xing)電纜溝的(de)開挖、鋪設暗管、管內(nei)穿線(xian)、回填(tian)等大量基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。然后進行(xing)長時間的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)調試(shi)，如任何(he)一條(tiao)線(xian)路有(you)問題(ti)，則(ze)要大面(mian)積返工(gong)(gong)。而且(qie)地(di)勢和(he)線(xian)路要求(qiu)復(fu)雜(za)、人工(gong)(gong)和(he)輔助材料成本高昂(ang)。
太(tai)陽能照明燈(deng)安(an)裝簡便：太(tai)陽能燈(deng)具安(an)裝時，不用鋪設復(fu)雜(za)的線路，只要做一個水泥基座，然后(hou)用不銹鋼螺絲固定就可。
對比二 市電照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)具電費(fei)(fei)高(gao)昂：市電照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)具工作中有固(gu)定高(gao)昂的電費(fei)(fei)，要長期(qi)不(bu)間斷(duan)對線路(lu)和其它配(pei)置(zhi)進(jin)行維護(hu)(hu)或更換(huan)，維護(hu)(hu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)逐年(nian)遞增。太陽能照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)具免(mian)電費(fei)(fei)：太陽能照(zhao)明(ming)燈(deng)具是一次性投入，無(wu)任何維護(hu)(hu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，三年(nian)可收(shou)回(hui)投資(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，長期(qi)受益。
對比三 市(shi)電照(zhao)明燈(deng)具(ju)有安全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)：市(shi)電照(zhao)明燈(deng)具(ju)由(you)于在施工(gong)質(zhi)量、景觀工(gong)程的改造(zao)、材(cai)料(liao)老化、供電不(bu)正常、水電氣(qi)管道的沖突等方面(mian)帶來諸多安全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)。太陽(yang)能照(zhao)明沒有安全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)：太陽(yang)能燈(deng)具(ju)是超低壓(ya)產品，運(yun)行安全(quan)可(ke)靠。
太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)燈(deng)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命比普(pu)通電(dian)力燈(deng)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命要高得多， 如太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)燈(deng)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要部件(jian)(jian)----太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池組件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽(shou)命25年(nian)；低(di)壓鈉燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)壽(shou)命18000小時(shi)；低(di)壓高效三基色(se)節(jie)能(neng)燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)壽(shou)命6000小時(shi)；超高亮LED的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)壽(shou)命大于50000小時(shi)以(yi)上；太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)專用蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命為38AH以(yi)下2-5年(nian)；38-150AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)3-7年(nian)。按(an)照常規(gui)小區按(an)照當地物(wu)價局(ju) “按(an)純(chun)住(zhu)宅建筑面(mian)積(ji)一次性收取小區路燈(deng)維護(hu)費6元/㎡”的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)，使得普(pu)通燈(deng)具初始(shi)投(tou)資(zi)要高出太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)燈(deng)具初始(shi)投(tou)資(zi)很多。總之，綜合比較來看太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)燈(deng)具節(jie)省投(tou)資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)相當明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
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